[106], The US Navy dispatched two naval battle groups built around the aircraft carriers USS Dwight D. Eisenhower and USS Independence to the Persian Gulf, where they were ready by 8 August. [192] The 1st Marine Division Task Force Ripper led the drive to the Kuwait International Airport on 27 February 1991. The Arabic service of the Voice of America supported the uprising by stating that the rebellion was well supported, and that they would soon be liberated from Saddam. 'What you saw was a bunch of buried trenches with peoples' arms and things sticking out of them. In 1991, Keith Robinson, a tall, mixed-race Celtic fan from the West End of Glasgow, threw a party in an old railway tunnel. [citation needed], Two BBC journalists, John Simpson and Bob Simpson (no relation), defied their editors and remained in Baghdad to report on the war's progress. I don't think you could have done all of that without significant additional US casualties, and while everybody was tremendously impressed with the low cost of the (1991) conflict, for the 146 Americans who were killed in action and for their families, it wasn't a cheap war. Modified versions of the vehicle included mortar carriers, MILAN antitank systems, and command and control vehicles; and the British possessed a variety of excellent light armoured vehicles built on their FV101 Scorpion chassis. [49] Iraq's debts to Kuwait amounted to $14billion. [42] The US was concerned with Iraq's position on IsraeliPalestinian politics. [311][312] Nichol and Peters were forced to make statements against the war on television. [344], The Gulf War has been the subject of several video games including Conflict: Desert Storm, Conflict: Desert Storm II and Gulf War: Operation Desert Hammer. [152] The Task Force found itself engaged in six hours of combat in order to clear the extensive bunker complex. [citation needed], Several SAS squadrons were deployed. In order for the cartel to maintain its desired price of $18 per barrel, discipline was required. portville central school yearbooks; jennette mccurdy astroseek. [325] About 3040% of this came from allied raids on Iraqi coastal targets. [317] In 1996, bin Laden issued a fatwa, calling for US troops to leave Saudi Arabia. A National Security Planning Group meeting was formed, chaired by then Vice President George H. W. Bush, to review US options. Coalition planners hoped that Iraqi resistance would quickly collapse if deprived of command and control. France also deployed several combat aircraft and naval units. Prior to the war's start, in the aftermath of the failed USIraq peace talks in Geneva, Switzerland, a reporter asked Iraq's English-speaking Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz: "Mr. Foreign Minister, if war starts will you attack?" [citation needed], A British Challenger 1 achieved the longest range confirmed tank kill of the war, destroying an Iraqi tank with an armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot (APFSDS) round fired over 4,700 metres (2.9mi)the longest tank-on-tank kill shot recorded. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. An estimated 25,000 to 100,000 Iraqis were killed in the uprisings. These combat operations resulted in the destruction of 50 enemy tanks, 139 APCs, 30 air defense systems, 152 artillery pieces, 27 missile launchers, 108 mortars, and 548 wheeled vehicles, 61 trench lines and bunker positions, 92 dug in and open infantry targets, and 34 logistical sites. [citation needed], In one noted incident, two USAF stealth planes bombed a bunker in Amiriyah, causing the deaths of 408 Iraqi civilians in the shelter. Simultaneously, the US XVIII Airborne Corps launched a sweeping "left-hook" attack across southern Iraq's largely undefended desert, led by the US 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment and the 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized). On 24 February 1991, the 1st and 2nd Marine Divisions and the 1st Light Armored Infantry Battalion crossed into Kuwait and headed toward Kuwait City. [315] Operation Southern Watch enforced the no-fly zones over southern Iraq set up after 1991; oil exports through the Persian Gulf's shipping lanes were protected by the Bahrain-based US Fifth Fleet. [284], In 1994, the US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs with Respect to Export Administration published a report entitled, "U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare-Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and their Possible Impact on the Health Consequences of the Gulf War". [228] The 101st Airborne Division travelled a further 80 to 100km (50 to 60mi) into Iraq. [253], During the nationwide uprisings against the Ba'athist Iraqi government that directly followed the end of the Gulf War in March and April, an estimated 25,000 to 100,000 Iraqis were killed, overwhelmingly civilians. Initially, the French operated independently under national command and control, but coordinated closely with the Americans (via CENTCOM) and Saudis. p.323 ISBN 0671791656. Meanwhile, forces from Arab states advanced into Kuwait from the east, encountering little resistance and suffering few casualties. And the answer is, not that damned many. No casualties were reported in Bahrain or Qatar. The battle featured the "Reveille Engagement" which went on to become the largest tank battle in United States Marine Corps' entire history. [238] Operating on the left flank of the US XVIII Airborne Corps, the French Army force was the Division Daguet, including troops from the French Foreign Legion. Meanwhile, British forces attacked Iraq's Medina Division and a major Republican Guard logistics base. [157] On 17 February 1991 the Task Force took enemy mortar fire, but the enemy forces managed to escape. Only one, Chris Ryan, evaded capture while the group's other surviving members were violently tortured. [63] Discussions in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, mediated on the Arab League's behalf by Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, were held on 31 July and led Mubarak to believe that a peaceful course could be established. People tend to remember Desert Storm as a short, easy warand compared with the "forever" wars that followed, that makes sense: a 100-hour ground war blip in the annals of history. [339], The following names have been used to describe the conflict itself: The continued presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia after the war was one of the stated motivations behind the 11 September terrorist attacks,[315] the Khobar Towers bombing, and the date chosen for the 1998 US embassy bombings (7 August), which was eight years to the day that US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia. [citation needed], In the United States, the "big three" network anchors led the war's network news coverage: ABC's Peter Jennings, CBS's Dan Rather, and NBC's Tom Brokaw were anchoring their evening newscasts when air strikes began on 16 January 1991. Iraqi ground forces consolidated their control of Kuwait City, then headed south and redeployed along the Saudi border. The 2nd Marine Division also faced heavy resistance during the Battle of Kuwait International Airport. After the decisive Iraqi victory, Saddam initially installed a puppet regime known as the "Provisional Government of Free Kuwait" before installing his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid as Kuwait's governor on 8 August. [citation needed], Alternative media outlets provided views opposing the war. This number was much lower than expected. Some of the copiers contained concealed high-tech transmitters that revealed their positions to American electronic warfare aircraft, leading to more precise bombings. Myatt said,[194] "During the first day of combat operations 1st Platoon, D Company, 3rd Tank Battalion destroyed 15 Iraqi tanks". [215] The Iraqis also had elements of two other independent armored brigades in theatre, those being the 50th and 29th Armored Brigades. [189] The primary American attack helicopter was the Boeing AH-64 Apache (Army) with the Bell AH-1 Cobra (Army and Marines) also being in theatre. In August 1990, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney committed the Canadian Forces to deploy a Naval Task Group. [230], One hundred hours after the ground campaign started, on 28 February, President Bush declared a ceasefire, and he also declared that Kuwait had been liberated. [146] The government broadcast alerts and 'all clear' messages over television to warn citizens during Scud attacks. Screaming Eagles 101st Airborne Division by Russ & Susan Bryant P.85, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMakiyaNew_York_Review_of_Books1991 (, Miller, Judith. About 25% of Saudi Arabia's contribution was paid with in-kind services to the troops, such as food and transportation. In January, the Division was placed under the tactical control of the XVIII Airborne Corps. On March 1, 1991, one day after the Gulf War ceasefire, a revolt broke out in Basra against the Iraqi government. "[62] The US sent aerial refuelling planes and combat ships to the Persian Gulf in response to these threats. Other bombs included cluster bombs, which disperse numerous submunitions,[341] and daisy cutters, 15,000-pound bombs which can disintegrate everything within hundreds of yards. [57], Iraq's relations with its Arab neighbors, particularly Egypt, were degraded by mounting violence in Iraq against expatriate groups, who were well-employed during the war, by unemployed Iraqis, among them demobilized soldiers. MSN Encarta. [190] U.S. A-10 "Warthog" crews would destroy 900 Iraqi tanks, 2,000 other military vehicles and 1,200 artillery pieces during combat operations. He argued that the US-supported Saudi state was an illegitimate and unworthy guardian of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Most of the killing "took place during the ground war. The proposal also "include[d] offers to negotiate an oil agreement with the United States 'satisfactory to both nations' national security interests,' develop a joint plan 'to alleviate Iraq's economical and financial problems' and 'jointly work on the stability of the gulf. The rest of the formation was destroyed or driven away by artillery fire from 43 FA. 19901991 war between Iraq and American-led coalition forces, This article is about the conflict against Iraq in 19901991. [202] British infantry rode into battle on the Warrior tracked armoured vehicle. Also, the uranium-235 that remains in depleted uranium emits only a small amount of low-energy gamma radiation. They are inspired by America to undermine Arab interests and security. Iraqi missile barrages aimed at coalition targets stationed in Saudi Arabia were also largely unsuccessful, and on 24 February 1991, the coalition launched a major ground assault into Iraqi-occupied Kuwait. They were responsible for a report which included an "infamous cruise missile that travelled down a street and turned left at a traffic light. [218] Between 80,000 and 175,000 Iraqi troops were taken prisoner. The Australian Task Force was also placed at great risk with regard to the sea mine threat, with HMAS Brisbane narrowly avoiding a mine. Land mines had been placed in areas around the oil wells, and a military cleaning of the areas was necessary before the fires could be put out. [294], On the night of 2627 February 1991, some Iraqi forces began leaving Kuwait on the main highway north of Al Jahra in a column of some 1,400 vehicles. Normally that would not be any of our business. It was decided to send British armored forces into Kuwait 15 hours ahead of schedule, and to send US forces after the Republican Guard. [231], In the North, Kurdish leaders took American statements that they would support an uprising to heart, and began fighting, hoping to trigger a coup d'tat. The Iraqis suffered massive losses and lost dozens of tanks and vehicles, while US casualties were comparatively low, with a single Bradley knocked out. Blake Stilwell. News World Order[338] was the title of another program in the series; it focused on the media's complicity in promoting the war, as well as Americans' reactions to the media coverage. Although Germany's constitution (which was brokered essentially by the United States) prohibited military involvement outside Germany's borders, Kohl committed a two billion dollar contribution to the coalition's war effort, as well as further economic and military support of coalition ally Turkey, and the transportation of Egyptian soldiers and ships to the Persian Gulf. "[55] At the same time, Saddam looked for closer ties with those Arab states that had supported Iraq in the war. [214] Overall the primary tank of the Iraqi forces was the T-55 tank. [78], Kuwaitis founded a local armed resistance movement following the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. In their co-written 1998 book, A World Transformed, Bush and Brent Scowcroft argued that such a course would have fractured the alliance, and would have had many unnecessary political and human costs associated with it. [198] Bravo Company destroyed a total of 119 enemy vehicles and took over 800 POWs by the end of combat operations. [193] The division commander Maj. Gen. J.M. About halfway through the war, Iraq's government decided to allow live satellite transmissions from the country by Western news organizations, and US journalists returned en masse to Baghdad. In six weeks of fighting, the U.S.-led coalition defeated Iraq, which had initiated the conflict by invading Kuwait the previous August. The Iraqi government claimed that 2,300 civilians died during the air campaign. In addition, medical teams were deployed aboard a US hospital ship, and a naval clearance diving team took part in de-mining Kuwait's port facilities following the end of combat operations. [134], Iraq hoped to provoke a military response from Israel. On 15 February 1991 4th Battalion of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment fired on a trailer and a few trucks in the Iraqi sector observing American forces. Once the allies had penetrated deep into Iraqi territory, they turned eastward, launching a flank attack against the elite Republican Guard before it could escape. Precision stand-off attacks were conducted during the night and through to the next day. It is powered by a 26 horsepower snowmobile engine and has a range of about . [329] US troops represented about 74% of the combined force, and the global cost was therefore higher. [citation needed], Elements of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Battalion 5th Cavalry of the 1st Cavalry Division of the US Army performed a direct attack into Iraq on 15 February 1991, followed by one in force on 20 February that led directly through seven Iraqi divisions which were caught off guard. [112], A coalition of forces opposing Iraq's aggression was formed, consisting of forces from 39 countries: Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. [299] In his book The Wars Against Saddam, John Simpson alleges that US forces attempted to cover up the incident. Amongst several testimonies to poor treatment,[309] USAF Captain Richard Storr was allegedly tortured by Iraqis during the Persian Gulf War. "[118], The Pentagon stated that satellite photos showing a buildup of Iraqi forces along the border were this information's source, but this was later alleged to be false. 145 soldiers died of exploding munitions or non-combat accidents. [citation needed], According to the Project on Defense Alternatives study, between 20,000 and 26,000 Iraqi military personnel were killed in the conflict while 75,000 others were wounded. [84][clarification needed][85] On 3 August 1990, the Arab League passed its own resolution, which called for a solution to the conflict from within the league, and warned against outside intervention. [citation needed], On 25 February 1991, a Scud missile hit a US Army barracks of the 14th Quartermaster Detachment, out of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, stationed in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing 28 soldiers and injuring over 100. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. On 23 February, fighting resulted in the capture of 500 Iraqi soldiers. These events drew little notice outside the Arab world because of fast-moving events directly related to the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. In response to the joint call, an array of countries joined the American-led coalition, forming the largest military alliance since World War II. This movement's left flank was protected by the French Division Daguet. [240], Argentina was the only South American country to participate in the 1991 Gulf War. [36] The U.S. Marine Corps also fought the biggest tank battle in its history at Kuwait International Airport. Iraq would also field multiple Infantry Divisions. The commander of a Kuwaiti armored battalion, 35th Armoured Brigade, deployed them against the Iraqi attack and conducted a robust defense at the Battle of the Bridges near Al Jahra, west of Kuwait City. TF 141 IN fired TOW missiles at the Iraqi formation destroying one tank. "Gulf War POW denounces abuse of Iraqi detainees". One Iraqi unit that was totally destroyed during the preparation was the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division Artillery Group. [232] Millions of Kurds fled across the mountains to Turkey and Kurdish areas of Iran. [316] Osama bin Laden interpreted the Islamic prophet Muhammad as banning the "permanent presence of infidels in Arabia". A total of 48 US Air Force F-15s from the 1st Fighter Wing at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, landed in Saudi Arabia and immediately commenced round-the-clock air patrols of the SaudiKuwaitIraq border to discourage further Iraqi military advances. Following Kuwait's conquest, the Iraqi Army was within easy striking distance of Saudi oil fields. PUBG is trademarked and copyrighted by and property of and all that other stuff PUBG CorporationPUBG Corporation [154] Counter-reconnaissance generally includes destroying or repelling the enemy's reconnaissance elements and denying their commander any observation of friendly forces. The revellers who made it to Kelvinbridge, holding Hussein-branded tickets, saw "Death Or Glory" written on another . [169] The same day the 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division with the 1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry, 1st Battalion, 32nd Armor, and the 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry destroyed Iraqi bunkers and combat vehicles in the sector of the Iraqi 25th Infantry Division. We were not interested in governing Iraq. "[139] It was feared that Iraq would fire missiles filled with nerve agents such as sarin. This was ostensibly to protect sensitive information from being revealed to Iraq. Three US soldiers were killed and nine wounded, with one M2 Bradley IFV turret destroyed, but they had taken 40 prisoners and destroyed five tanks, and successfully deceived the Iraqis. New York Times reporter Maureen Dowd wrote, "With the Iraqi leader facing military defeat, Mr. Bush decided that he would rather gamble on a violent and potentially unpopular ground war than risk the alternative: an imperfect settlement hammered out by the Soviets and Iraqis that world opinion might accept as tolerable."[295]. [204][205] The Desert Rats also destroyed multiple Iraqi artillery positions. [50] Iraq pressured both nations to forgive the debts, but they refused. [224][failed verification], The war's ground phase was officially designated Operation Desert Saber. Archived copy" (PDF). [51], Iraq also accused Kuwait of exceeding its OPEC quotas for oil production. [171], Task Force 1-41 Infantry was given the task of breaching Iraq's initial defensive positions along the IraqSaudi Arabia border. [74], Iraqi commandos infiltrated the Kuwaiti border first to prepare for the major units, which began the attack at midnight. For other conflicts with the same name, see, "Desert Storm" redirects here. [citation needed], The air campaign's third and largest phase targeted military targets throughout Iraq and Kuwait: Scud missile launchers, weapons research facilities, and naval forces. A pact of non-interference and non-aggression was signed between the countries, followed by a Kuwaiti-Iraqi deal for Iraq to supply Kuwait with water for drinking and irrigation, although a request for Kuwait to lease Iraq Umm Qasr was rejected. 57 aircraft lost Researchers found that infants born to male veterans of the 1991 war had higher rates of two types of heart valve defects. Within President Ronald Reagan's National Security Council concern was growing that the war could spread beyond the boundaries of the two belligerents. A further 145 Americans died in non-combat accidents. After some deliberation, they opted to use anti-mine plows mounted on tanks and combat earthmovers to simply plow over and bury alive the defending Iraqi soldiers. Although they were retreating, this convoy was bombed so extensively by coalition air forces that it came to be known as the Highway of Death. They encountered trenches, barbed wire, and minefields. [161], Task Force 1-41 Infantry was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991 and conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. These systems provided essential communications links between air, ground, and naval forces. [188] The primary American artillery system was the self propelled M109 howitzer. This prompted a reexamination by Amnesty International, which had originally promoted an account alleging even greater numbers of babies torn from incubators than the original fake testimony. A hundred hours after the beginning of the ground campaign, the coalition ceased its advance into Iraq and declared a ceasefire. [20] It is estimated that Iraqi forces suffered 20,000-50,000 troops killed during combat operations. On 22 January 1991, a Scud missile hit the Israeli city of Ramat Gan, after two coalition Patriots failed to intercept it. [195] The Iraqi 3rd Armored Division losses included more than 250 T-55/62s and 70 T-72 tanks by the end of combat operations. At the conference, Iraq was authorized to fly armed helicopters on their side of the temporary border, ostensibly for government transit due to the damage done to civilian infrastructure. Approaching the 30th anniversary of Operation Desert Storm, airpower enthusiasts will undoubtedly crow about airpower's key role in the coalition's swift victory, and not without reason. In a December 1999 interview with Rahimullah Yusufzai, bin Laden said he felt that Americans were "too near to Mecca" and considered this a provocation to the entire Islamic world. It had reasonable armour protection and a 30mm gun. Formerly covering an area of around 20,000km2 (7,700sqmi), the large complex of wetlands was 90% drained before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. [108], A series of UN Security Council resolutions and Arab League resolutions were passed regarding Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. [129][130] One of these losses is a confirmed air-air victory. This policy was heavily influenced by the military's experience with the Vietnam War, in which public opposition within the US grew throughout the war's course. [citation needed], On 25 February 1991, Iraqi forces fired a Scud missile at an American barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [64], On 26 July 1990, only a few days before the Iraqi invasion, OPEC officials said that Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates had agreed to a proposal to limit their oil output to 1.5million barrels (240,000m3) per day, "down from the nearly 2 million barrels a day they had each been pumping," thus potentially settling differences over oil policy between Kuwait and Iraq.[68]. For other uses, see, "Operation Desert Shield" redirects here. [203], The British 1st Armoured Division was responsible for protecting the right flank of VII Corps. Sun Pacific Power Corp; Street Smart Outdoor; MedRecycler This was the first time since the Korean War that Canada's military had participated in offensive combat operations. [297] In the report, Cheney acknowledged that 457 enemy soldiers were buried during the ground war.[297]. Desert Storm was a sustained 43-day air campaign including four days of ground operations by the United States and its allies against Iraq between Jan. 17, 1991 and Feb. 28, 1991. pubars party desert storm drones pubars party desert storm drones on January 19, 2023 on January 19, 2023 menu It was determined that the conflict would likely spread into Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf states, but that the United States had little capability to defend the region. [322], Many international organizations such as the UN Human Rights Commission, the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq, the Wetlands International, and Middle East Watch have described the project as a political attempt to force the Marsh Arabs out of the area through water diversion tactics. This move was supported by the US, who believed that Iraqi ties with pro-Western Gulf states would help bring and maintain Iraq inside the US' sphere of influence. [196] The U.S.M.C. contact. In all, 190 coalition troops were killed by Iraqi fire during the war, 113 of whom were American, out of 358 coalition deaths. [citation needed], Apart from the impact on Arab States of the Persian Gulf, the resulting economic disruptions after the crisis affected many states. Iraqi resistance was light, and four Americans were killed. Most of the press information came from briefings organized by the military. [308], During the conflict, coalition aircrew shot down over Iraq were displayed as prisoners of war on TV, most with visible signs of abuse. [333][334][335], The war's coverage was new in its immediacy. [109], To ensure that the US received economic backing, James Baker went on an 11-day journey to nine countries in September 1990, which the press dubbed "The Tin Cup Trip". After the initial bombing, Arnett remained behind and was, for a time, the only American TV correspondent reporting from Iraq. [247][248], Over 1,000 Kuwaiti civilians were killed by Iraqis. Patrice O'Shaughness. The 101st Airborne Division conducted a combat air assault into enemy territory. [286][287][288] In 2004, Iraq had the highest mortality rate due to leukemia of any country. [233], A Harvard University study released in June 1991 predicted that there would be tens of thousands of additional Iraqi civilian deaths by the end of 1991 due to the "public health catastrophe" caused by the destruction of the country's electrical generating capacity. [251] Scenes of burned and mutilated bodies were subsequently broadcast, and controversy arose over the bunker's status, with some stating that it was a civilian shelter, while others contended that it was a center of Iraqi military operations, and that the civilians had been deliberately moved there to act as human shields. The second factor was when the storm hit. [citation needed]. We'd be running the country. [172] In the process of clearing the bunkers, Task Force 1-41 captured two brigade command posts and the command post of the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. [227], Shortly afterwards, the US VII Corps, in full strength and spearheaded by the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment, launched an armored attack into Iraq early on 24 February, just to the west of Kuwait, surprising Iraqi forces. It was then that I decided to act to check that aggression. American, British, and French forces continued to pursue retreating Iraqi forces over the border and back into Iraq, eventually moving to within 240km (150mi) of Baghdad, before withdrawing back to Iraq's border with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. [189] The U.S. Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II ground attack aircraft would distinguish itself during the Gulf War, inflicting significant damage on Iraqi ground forces. [191] Marine armor units mostly consisted of the older M-60 tank. [137] Approximately 230 Israelis were injured. [280], 190 coalition troops were killed by Iraqi combatants, the rest of the 379 coalition deaths were from friendly fire or accidents. By February 27, talk had turned toward terminating the hostilities. [152] For a few hours, bypassed Iraqi RPG-equipped anti-tank teams, T-55 tanks, and dismounted Iraqi infantry fired at passing American vehicles, only to be destroyed by other US tanks and fighting vehicles following the initial forces. [206] The division also took over 7,000 Iraqi prisoners of war including two division commanders and two other general officers. [226] By nightfall, the 101st cut off Highway 8 which was a vital supply line running between Basra and the Iraqi forces. It was a conflict (albeit much forgotten today) many analysts and pundits of the time doubted the United States could win . Michelle & I joined Brett & Sheila Baur with their Nor-Tec 36" Super Cat. pubars party desert storm drones. 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