[25] We know that underrepresentation in STEM careers is a direct result of lack of diversity in STEM majors. Include analysis on the Labeling, Containment, and Social Control theories. Based on the DCF approach, what is the cost of common from reinvested earnings? What are the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 and the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 and how do they impact hate crimes? These types of partnerships enable NIJ to reach broader and more diverse audiences in the higher education, research, and scientific communities. Laws are the tools of power and further the interests of those powerful enough to make them. Research indicates that attitudes, perceptions, prejudices, and biases of juvenile justice system officials may be related to the problem. Review both the theories on psychological and sociological causes of crime. Ms. Rottler just purchased a new Lexus and a new home in an expensive suburb. [note 25] Committee on STEM Education, National Science and Technology Council, Federal Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education 5-Year Strategic Plan, 17 U.S.C. Paul Grattan, a sergeant at a large metropolitan police agency, says having police officers who represent a wide range of experiences, ethnicities, religious backgrounds and more means citizens will see officers who look like them. Exhibit 1. Multicultural education seeks to give diverse students an [] In order to Define Part I Crimes. The alter ego rule holds that a person can defend a third party only under circumstances and only to the degree that the third party could act. Employing bilingual community service officers, distributing bilingual crime prevention materials, and being open to developing a greater cultural sensitivity can help law enforcement improve . People from different cultures and backgrounds have different demeanors and ways of carrying themselves, says Major Albert Guerra of the Miami Police Department. In 1994, Congress passed the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. American classrooms are becoming more diverse every year,* which means cultural diversity in the classroom is becoming an increasingly important issue for educators throughout the education system. Before answering the question of why diversity is important, one must understand what it is. What are the reasons behind over representation of minorities in the criminal justice system?l. Some federal agencies, such as the National Science Foundation, have a broad view of STEM and include the social and behavioral sciences (psychology and sociology). Self-defense is the protection of oneself or of one's property from unlawful injury or from the immediate risk of unlawful injury; also, the justification that the person who committed an act that would otherwise constitute an offense reasonably believed that the act was necessary to protect self or property from immediate danger. Actus reus is a necessary feature of any crime. If this interview is coming after a significant investigation you should be keenly attuned to the violation, the players, the possible crimes, the modus operandibut I also challenge my students to consistently observe the soft issues., These soft issues are the interrelationship of the actors, the personalities of everyone involved, what they value, who they associate with, etc., according to Anderson. Despite the obstacles, prison systems have achieved considerable success in obtaining balance in racial and ethnic representation within the workforce. Include analysis of the Newtown and Aurora shootings and the effect they had on the communities and gun control. Relevant factors can include issues of race, ethnicity, immigration status, religion, socioeconomic background . [27] By focusing on closing key transition gaps between middle school, high school, college, and graduate school, we can retain and support more students, particularly those from diverse backgrounds. Exhibit 4 shows demographics for the graduate fellowships awarded in FY 2016 and indicates support of various scientific fields that correspond to multiple forensic disciplines. Flash robs involve as many as 50 people. The NIJ Diversity Working Group is also actively developing and implementing the strategic diversity initiative and will work with leadership to advance these efforts. Chapter 2, Race and Criminal Justice examines the issue of criminal victimization and offending as they are influenced by race. 105 (Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President, 2013). The establishment of African American History Month, National Hispanic Heritage Month, and Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month in the United States is an example of the movement. Laws allow those in control to gain what they define (through the law) as legitimate access to scarce resources and to deny (through the law) such access to the politically disenfranchised. What does justice mean to you? Potential Cross-Cultural Pitfalls and Dangers. For instance, in Miami, we have a large Latin population, Guerra says. [22] A wide gap in educational attainment continues between underrepresented minorities and their white and Asian counterparts, who consistently have higher representation in science and engineering fields than they do in the U.S. population. Each culture has its own way of thinking, therefore they are prone to have differences between cultures if they don't have the same ideology. Why is multiculturalism important in the criminal justice process? They can incorporate group projects or discussions in class when teaching topics on multiculturalism. Professor of Philosophy and Public Affairs & Administration, California State University, East Bay. At the turn of the 21st century, multicultural communities are a growing phenomenon globally and in many cities throughout the United States. More info, By Brianna Flavin Although being an integral and recognizable part of the whole, diverse members of society can maintain their particular identities while residing in the collective. The Cultural Diversity and Cultural Competency for Law Enforcement course begins with a basic understanding of culture and how it works. The courts are mostly visited by the poor, the Negro, ad members of unpopular groups. Denial of a speedy trial violates the Sixth Amendment. The stereotypes and depictions of professionals in law enforcement just dont cover the spectrum of personalities and skills youll find in a police department. The GRF-STEM Program provides awards to accredited academic institutions to support graduate research leading to doctoral degrees in topic areas that are relevant to ensuring public safety, preventing and controlling crime, and ensuring the fair and impartial administration of criminal justice in the United States. "Cultural and linguistic competencies is a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations . Police agencies that are rich in diversity are simply more likely to garner individual trust among a group of citizens because the agency is reflective of the community and is inclusive of officers of many backgrounds and experiences., This matters for more than just general public perception. Anyone considering a career in law enforcement should consider studying different social and ethnic groups to add to the firsthand experiences in their different cultures.". According to the National Science Foundation, women represent approximately 51 percent of the total population, but they represent only about 30 percent of science and engineering fields. Canada being a multicultural country has led to many positive outcomes for our. The starting point is the topic of culture, not diversity. the existence within one society of diverse groups that maintain unique cultural identities while often accepting and participating in the larger society's legal and political systems. This helps us understand that being a police officer may be right for someone in spite of preconceived notions about what a cop is, Grattan says. Theory-based understanding is achieved, for example, poverty is a root cause of crime. Substantive and procedural limitations on governmental power in the interest of the individual for the enforcement of which there are appropriate legal institutions and machinery Define and compare and contrast the UCR, NIBRS, and the National Crime Victimization Survey. The urban, traffic, and juvenile courts are more crowded and have fewer resources, leading to the perception they are "poor people's" courts. Support your views with facts and data. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Most modern democracies comprise members with diverse cultural viewpoints, practices, and contributions. These include the Graduate Research Fellowship in STEM (GRF-STEM) and the Research Assistantship Program (RAP). An eighteenth-century approach to crime causation and criminal responsibility that grew out of the Enlightenment and that emphasized the role of free will and reasonable punishments. As a general rule, the preservation of human life outweighs the protection of property, and the use of deadly force to protect property is not justified unless the perpetrator of the illegal act may intend to commit, or is in the act of committing, a violent act against another human being. Keywords: criminal justice, community, education, critical thinking, interpersonal skills 1. For example, NIJ has developed and implemented marketing strategies to expand communications to larger audiences of underrepresented students and professionals. While diversity in gender, race, and ethnicity is critical in broadening the pool of forensic and criminal justice researchers, diversity in scientific disciplines is equally important as we seek to take advantage of more interdisciplinary approaches to problem-solving. Cultural competency is an important factor in dealings with any populations with racial, ethnic, or religious considerations. This contemporary text addresses a wide range of diverse groups in society as they relate to the criminal justice system. The clash of norms and values among variously socialized groups If you are an officer approaching an unknown and potentially fraught situation, and people are behaving in unexpected waysits hard to know what to do. By diversifying the STEM pipeline, we will be able to draw on the brainpower and talent of segments of the population that have been historically discouraged from scientific enterprise. Comment on the role of gun control and the constitutional guarantees of the right to bear arms. w19905) (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014). Religion, socioeconomic background based on the Labeling, Containment, and of! 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