Ewen Donald Cameron. Hebb who did pay the students for their participation basically put them in a room for 24 hours, in a set-up that deprived them of all sensory input. Another patient was suffering from leg pains that no one had been able to diagnose. At least, until after Cameron left the Allan. Cameron began to explore how industrial conditions could satisfy the population through work and what kind of person or worker is best suited to industrial conditions. And here he is with me many years ago. You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. He commuted from Lake Placid, New York to Montreal every week to work at McGill's Allan Memorial Institute and was paid $69,000 from 1957 to 1964 to carry out MKUltra experiments there, known as the Montreal experiments. [8] Amory: In the early 60s, MK-ULTRA director Sidney Gottlieb took the so-called treatments Cameron used on his patients at the Allan and brought them back to the CIA. Cameron also hoped to generate families capable of using authority and techniques to take measures against mental illness, which would later be apparent in Cameron's MKULTRA and MKDELTA experiments. . He did technically, because nothing says "wonders" has to be a good thing. Amory: Eventually though, it wasnt just Camerons successor who was calling him out. Cameron further argued that "the weak" must not influence children. He published a book called Remembering[18] and extended psychiatric links to human biology. [30][bettersourceneeded], In 1980, the Canadian investigative news program The Fifth Estate interviewed two former patients of Cameron's who were among several of his ex patients who were at that time suing the CIA for the long term effects of Cameron's treatment. Amory: The study, which was published a few months before Cameron died, found that Camerons methods exposed his patients to unnecessary risk, and that there was no clinical proof his methods were any more effective than standard forms of treatment. He is largely known today for his central role in unethical medical experiments, and development of psychological and medical torture techniques for the CIA. What started as short-term depression before the Allan, morphed into chronic depression, as well as diagnosed schizophrenia and bipolar disorder afterwards. Ben: Over and over, weve heard from victims of Dr. Ewen Camerons brutal experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute. In addition to LSD, he experimented with various paralytic drugs such as curare and electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power. Amory: Jim Turner was one of two prosecutors on the case. While guys like Freud encouraged talking through problems, Cameron thought things like electroshock therapy and drug cocktails could be used to physically change the brain and get rid of the illness in question. Alison Steel won compensation for her mother's misery in 2017, says the CBC: $100,000 in exchange for ending legal action. Psychiatry would play a disciplinary role. McGill's then-director of psychology, Dr. Donald Hebb, took the money and set up experiments using his ready-and-waiting pool of test subjects: students. Her family sued, first based on the treatment alone, then again, after discovering she was a part of the MKUltra program. Being compared to the Nazi's most notorious doctor probably isn't the life goal of most medical professionals, so let's look at what he did to deserve this dubious title. Advancing Voluntary, Informed Consent to Medical Intervention, Cameron was an internationally prominent psychiatrist who developed torture techniques on his involuntary hospitalized patients mostly women. Stephen Kinzer: In the end, Gottlieb was forced to conclude that there's no such thing as mind control and that everything he had done had been for naught. The Guardian talked to Alison Steel, Jean's daughter and one of the many family members trying to shine a light on what was done to their loved ones without their consent. And there some of them were high risk ones. His death occurred while climbing a mountain. Ben Brock Johnson: So what do you have in front of you here? On the weekends, you'd think he would go out and mow the lawn or bask in the sun or go play golf or tennis, but none of it. And you see this actual physical manual on how to break down the human mind. In 1943, Cameron was invited to McGill University in Montreal by neurosurgeon Dr Wilder Penfield. The described types were the enemies of society and life. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allen, a small town in Scotland, on December 24, 1901. Ben: Im Ben Brock Johnson, and youre listening to Endless Thread, the show featuring stories found in the vast ecosystem of online communities called Reddit. Jim: But again, you know, the deposition transcript, you're going to have to rely on that, like we did. And so even all these years later, it's part of my life. The U.S. wanted to know just how such a thing could possibly happen, and Dr. Ewen Cameron had a theory: brainwashing. After his mother confirmed that yes, there were 12 boxes of papers that her sons both lawyers said she probably shouldn't share, Duncan revealed that he had gone through and taken out "several papers" that identified "a particular patient." Duncan Cameron: This is a picture of the whole family. If we can succeed in inventing means of changing their attitudes and beliefs, we shall find ourselves in possession of measures which, if wisely used, may be employed in freeing ourselves from their attitudes and beliefs in other fields which have greatly contributed to the instability of our period by their propensity for holding up progress, In Cameron's book Life is For Living, published in 1948, he expressed a concern for the German race in general. In other words, torture. Cameron's work was funded under MKUltra's subproject 68. That's how quick it is because it removes your time and space. Alison Steel says her mother was never the same after undergoing. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of lambeth, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. They had 11 children: Allan Francis Cameron, John Donald Cameron and 9 other children. And I think it affected a lot more people than anybody even realizes today. . Ben: Camerons research could never happen today at least not lawfully. Jim Turner: The most salient point that I recall is that Camerons son told us that he'd taken his father's private records and had destroyed them. His successor at Allan, Robert Cleghorn, would later write (via "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,""Cameron's controversial practices [are] now thoroughly discredited." Cameron also wanted to revolutionize the way psychology and psychiatry looked at mental illness. He actually has a smile. Cameron believed firmly in clinical psychiatry and a strict scientific method. A stronger personality would be able to maintain itself in heavy industrial situations, he theorised, while the weaker would not be able to cope with industrial conditions. In Cameron, the CIA had a psychiatrist, conveniently outside the United States, who was willing to do terminal experiments in electroshock, sensory deprivation, drug testing, and all of the above combined. Or do you remember any of --. And you can get a real sense of your own, where you are in the world. Lloyd has continued to fight for recognition, recompense, and an apology. Her niece later said, "She had electric shock equipment put on her head so many times that it [remained] in her subconscious." Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Scotland in 1901. Because his dad isnt around to do it himself. They were destroyed. Thank you! "[H]e was born in. Amory: You're welcome to pull it out now. In his analysis, German culture was made up of people who had the need for status, worshipped strict order and regimentation, desired authoritarian leadership and had a deeply ingrained fear of other countries. Ben: Street Mountain is a strange choice for a bucket list. Particularly because we put that question to him today. He never got one. Canada. Esther Schrier who was a nurse at Montreal's Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first child at just three weeks of age. Heads up that some elements (i.e. [34], Naomi Klein states in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to MKUltra were not about mind control and brainwashing, but "to design a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources.' That's absolutely the stuff of a terrifying Netflix horror series, but it was very real and it destroyed an unknown number of lives. After one test he noted: "Although the patient was prepared by both prolonged sensory isolation (35 days) and by repeated depatterning, and although she received 101 days of positive driving, no favourable results were obtained." So you can see that the work of Ewen Cameron, filtered through Gottlieb, definitely informs the interrogation techniques, if we want to call them that, that the United States has been using on its prisoners in Guantanamo and in black sites around the world. Ewen married Agnes Cameron (born Bell) in 1867, at age 35 at marriage place. Duncan: We all very much wished, as we always had, that my father was alive because he would have had to deal with that issue and would have dealt with it quite effectively. Hij is overleden in het jaar 2010 in Near Toulon, France. Donald Ewen Cameron (19011967) was born in Scotland in 1901 and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Although Cameron rejected the Freudian notion of the unconscious, he shared the Freudian idea that personal psychology is linked to the nervous nature. Psychiatric experimentation: the lessons or history, The Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 1994, Vol. Duncan: He loved hiking. Duncan: Well, that's a big subject. Cameron stayed there for seven years and was made physician-in-charge of the Reception Unit of the Provincial Mental Hospital. Alison said that when her mother returned, it was no longer her mother. Old '45" Cameron Major Cameron (1663 - 1718) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. (Beyond Nuremburg, ABA Journal March 1997; News accounts of five legal cases at: The Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases). These became the basis of a new social and behavioural science that he would later institute through his presidencies of the Canadian, American and World Psychiatric Associations, the American Psychopathological Association and the Society of Biological Psychiatry. That could be heightened with various drugs, eventually was replaced by positive messages, and the so-called "psychic driving" would continue. You can see other fellow humans. He had various people record the tapes sometimes including the patient's loved ones and it was, on the whole, incredibly traumatizing. In his analysis, culture and society played a crucial role in the ability for one to function according to the demands necessary for human survival. And Mary Morrow? The insecure man "They are the driven crowds that makes the army of the authoritarian overlord; they are the stuffing of conservatism mediocrity is their god. "[36], Cameron is the subject of Stephen Bennett's film Eminent Monsters (2020), which was funded by BBC Scotland and Creative Scotland. I mean his father was a very prominent psychiatrist, so destroying rather than preserving personal papers of someone of that prominence is a very unusual thing, especially for a family member to have done. He is largely known today for his central role in unethical medical experiments, and development of psychological and medical torture techniques for the CIA. Cleghorn immediately went and took a long, hard look at what Cameron had actually been doing in his little corner of the university, and he was pretty shocked. Amory: Duncan struggles dealing with his dads legacy because he cant speak to why his dad did what he did. Patients were tested in the Radio Telemetry Laboratory, which was built under Cameron's direction. David Cameron's grandfather Ewen Donald Cameron (1906-1958) was a City of London figure who became a director at the stock brokerage house Panmure Gordon. All Germans on trial would be assessed according to the likeliness for committing the crime. Under that program, more than 80,000 suspected North Vietnamese sympathizers were interrogated by US forces and their allies. Ben: But, as human experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute, and MK-ULTRAs mind control efforts, fade into history, reduced to references in tv shows and video game plot points, there are troubling examples of these techniques still in use today. Tell us about your reaction to this episode or send us a story idea. It's Boston local news in one concise, fun and informative email. Husband of Marielene Schlumberger. Today, we're talking to one of the only people who will stand up for Dr. Cameron. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota, USA, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. And he admits that the papers he removed are now destroyed. Amory: Duncan also has an easy, quiet smile. That, says McGill University, was the work of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron, a psychiatrist who performed experiments so horrifying he's been called "Scotland's Mengele." Amory: Were bringing you the last installment of our special series: Madness The secret mission for mind control and the people who paid the price. Peterborough County. Amory: Duncan knows how to be very careful about what he says. Amory: This is from The Adirondack Daily Enterprise, is the name of the paper. Take a guess. Heres journalist John Marks. And they found his work next to worthless. Ben: But Duncan is still, in some ways, trying to defend his dads honor. He spoke about Germans, but also to the larger portion of the society that resembled or associated with such traits. He was there when his legal partner, Joseph Rauh, took Camerons deposition. He began to develop the discipline of social psychiatry which concentrated on the roles of interpersonal interaction, family, community and culture in the emergence and amelioration of emotional disturbance. The legacy can be seen in the torture techniques employed in Northern Ireland and in Guantanamo Bay. Harvey: Here he is trying to reach the peak, trying to climb the mountain, reach this goal. Despite the horrific abuse, the American and Canadian psychiatric establishment closed ranks. Camerons techniques have no therapeutic validity whatsoever; they were comparable to Nazi medical atrocities. Ben: In photos, the Cameron family seems happy, a candid shot of Ewen Cameron that looks to be from a garden party shows the psychiatrist in a skinny tie and jacket, horn-rimmed glasses and short cropped white hair. [citation needed] He furthermore wanted to understand the problems of memory caused by aging, believing that the aged brain experienced psychosis. The program is widely believed to have been partly funded by the United States Central Intelligence Agency as part of their top-secret MKULTRA program. Cameron would analyze what conditions produced the stronger worker, what would be the necessary conditions to replicate this personality and to reward the stronger while disciplining the weaker. Everyone who makes a monthly donation will get access to upcoming bonus content from the making of our series. [28] His work was inspired and paralleled by the psychiatrist William Sargant, who was also involved with the intelligence services and experimented extensively on his patients without their consent, causing similar long-term damage. Ben: But the Canadian and US governments could take accountability for their support of Cameron. [citation needed][21]. [5], Cameron was involved in administering electroconvulsive therapy and experimental drugs, including poisons such as curare and hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide, to patients and prisoners without their knowledge or informed consent. And they haven't been super successful. In fact, he might have enjoyed those more. Harvey Weinstein: Complicated question, we all have motivations for the things that we do. Research genealogy for donald ewen Cameron of Melbourne, Victoria, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. In 1929 he moved to Canada where he worked in the Brandon Mental Hospital in Manitoba as the physician in charge. Patients would be subjected to messages repeated hundreds of thousands of times, as they were kept in their coma for up to a month. The human significance of his dark legacy was brought to public attention when nine of his Canadian victims filed lawsuits in 1980s twenty-one years after Camerons death. "Now, that was a foolish mistake. Stephen Bennett: If I put one of you, either Ben or Amory, into prison for two, three years, you should be okay because you can have time and space. In 1936, he moved to Massachusetts to become director of the research division at Worcester State Hospital only 1 year later. So we reached out to one of the most comprehensive archives in the world: The Library of Congress. Duncan: Thats my recollection, that any documents that related to patients were destroyed. [39], Social and intrapsychic behaviour analysis, Cameron and Freud: civilization and discontents. This was made into a TV mini-series directed by Anne Wheeler in 1998, called The Sleep Room, which also dramatizes the lawsuit of Cameron's ex-patients against the CIA. And how his work lives on. You know, all of us not only respected him, but loved him, and not just myself, but my brothers. This personality type poses a danger to those closest to them, especially children. Cameron reported to John Gittinger, an agent in charge of overseeing parts of MKUltra. Amory: And I think you may have given a deposition for that. Ontario. He was always attracted to these subjects for which there was no easy answer. The work of Dr. Ewen Cameron may have been discredited by mainstream psychiatry, but that doesn't mean it went away completely. The victims and their lawyers want us to remember that this story isnt over. 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